Isolation and Characterization of Indole Acetic Acid, Gibberellic Acid Producing, and Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms from Rhizosphere and Endosphere of Entacloo hasnahana

Abstract

This study investigates the isolation and characterization of microorganisms capable of producing indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), and solubilizing phosphate from the rhizosphere and endosphere of Entacloo hasnahana. Recognizing the critical role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and endophytes in enhancing plant health and productivity through hormone production and nutrient solubilization, this research aims to uncover the microbial diversity associated with E. hasnahana, a plant noted for its resilience. Root and soil samples were collected from various locations, and microorganisms were isolated using selective media. The isolates underwent biochemical and molecular characterization, including 16S rRNA sequencing for bacteria and ITS sequencing for fungi. The production of IAA and GA was quantified through colorimetric assays, while phosphate solubilization was assessed by halo zone formation on Pikovskaya’s agar. The study revealed a diverse array of microorganisms, including notable genera such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Aspergillus. A significant proportion of these isolates demonstrated the ability to produce IAA and GA, with varying levels of these phytohormones observed. Additionally, a substantial number of bacterial and fungal isolates exhibited phosphate-solubilizing activity. These findings suggest that the isolated microorganisms hold substantial potential as biofertilizers and biostimulants, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers. The implications for agriculture are profound, as the utilization of these microorganisms can enhance plant growth, improve soil fertility, and reduce the environmental impact of farming practices. Future research should focus on field trials to evaluate the efficacy of these isolates under real agricultural conditions and explore their synergistic effects on plant health and soil quality. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of plant-microbe interactions and underscores the potential of leveraging microbial diversity for sustainable agricultural advancements. Through the identification and characterization of these beneficial microorganisms, we pave the way for innovative, eco-friendly solutions to enhance crop productivity and ensure food security.