Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Green Coconut Husk

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from green coconut husk (Cocos nucifera) present a promising eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods. This study emphasizes the green synthesis of AgNPs utilizing the aqueous extract of green coconut husk as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The process parameters, including pH, temperature, and reaction time, were meticulously optimized to enhance the yield and stability of the nanoparticles. Characterization techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were employed to elucidate the physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs through the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak, while FTIR analysis identified the functional groups in the coconut husk extract responsible for reduction and stabilization. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline structure and phase purity of the nanoparticles, and SEM and TEM analyses provided insights into their morphology, size, and distribution. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was evaluated against various bacterial strains, demonstrating significant bactericidal effects, particularly against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This research underscores the potential of using agricultural waste in nanotechnology, highlighting the dual benefits of waste valorization and the development of green synthesis methods. The findings suggest that AgNPs derived from green coconut husk not only offer a sustainable and environmentally benign alternative to chemically synthesized nanoparticles but also exhibit potent antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for diverse applications in biomedical and environmental fields. Future studies could focus on scaling up the synthesis process, exploring the full range of biological activities, and developing practical applications of these AgNPs. This study provides a foundation for the integration of green chemistry principles in nanotechnology, promoting sustainable development and environmental stewardship.