Production and Biodegradability Studies of Edible Bioplastics from Potato Peel Waste

Abstract

This study explores the production and biodegradability of edible bioplastics derived from potato peel waste, aiming to address the dual environmental challenges of plastic pollution and food waste. Potato peels, an abundant agricultural by-product, were processed into a fine powder and blended with cornstarch, gelatin, and glycerol to form bioplastic films. The mechanical properties of these bioplastics, including tensile strength, flexibility, and durability, were thoroughly evaluated. The bioplastics exhibited a tensile strength of 17 MPa, comparable to low-density polyethylene, and an elongation at break of 65%, indicating significant flexibility. Durability tests showed excellent resistance to repeated mechanical stress. Biodegradability was assessed through soil burial tests and microbial degradation studies, revealing a rapid degradation rate with 80% weight loss after six months in soil. Specific microorganisms, such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, were identified as key agents in the biodegradation process, supported by the activity of cellulase and amylase enzymes. Comparative analysis highlighted that potato peel-based bioplastics performed similarly to other starch-based bioplastics while offering enhanced biodegradability and flexibility. Economically, utilizing potato peel waste provides a cost-effective raw material, promoting sustainable waste management and economic opportunities in regions with significant potato processing activities. Environmentally, these bioplastics offer a lower ecological footprint compared to conventional plastics, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and toxic by-products. Potential applications include packaging materials, agricultural mulch films, and food packaging, where their edible nature provides additional benefits. Despite promising results, future research should focus on optimizing formulations, scaling up production, and conducting long-term environmental impact studies. Exploring composite materials incorporating other agricultural wastes could further enhance the properties and applications of these bioplastics. This study establishes a solid foundation for developing sustainable bioplastics from agricultural by-products, contributing to a circular economy and mitigating the adverse effects of plastic pollution.