Comparative Study of Toxicity Attenuation of Phorate & Chlorpyriphos on Eisenia fetida by Rice Straw Biochar

Abstract

The most commonly prevalent harm that occur during pregnancy is anemia caused mainly due to Biochar is an external organic input added in soil as ameliorative agent against soil pollution. In this study, the impact of biochar on Eisenia fetida’s mortality (LC50) of two organophosphates (Phorate and Chlorpyriphos) in the artificial OECD soil was assessed. Acute test was applied to calculate the LC50 of Phorate and chlorpyrifos on the earthworm Eisenia fetida by using artificial soil test. Biochar was derived from rice straw, a major agricultural crop residue at two different pyrolysis temperature 300°C and 500°C with the heating rate of 10°C/min for 3 hours in an inert gas environment with limited supply of oxygen in a tubular muffle furnace. Rice straw biochar was then analyzed physiochemically and morphologically. Results demonstrated that the biochar produced is consistent with available literature. Experiment was set up as per OECD guidelines. Two different biochar RSB300 and RSB500 treatments were applied from 1.5%, 3%, 5%, 6.5%, 8% and 10% application rate for both organophosphates separately to nullify the earthworm’s mortality at LC50. The mortality changes were noted after 14 days exposure of treatments at median lethal concentration of pesticides.LC50 of Phorate and CPF were calculated by probit analysis (p value <.005) and found to be 27.436mg/kg and 99.806 mg/Kg respectively. The outcome of correlation analysis between rate of application of biochar vs mortality (LC50) in Eisenia fetida for Phorate and Chlorpyrifos reported that RSB500 Phorate and RSB500 CPF showed statistically significant difference with p values close to 0 and R square values than RSB300 Phorate and RSB300 CPF.nutritional deficiencies. The present study aims to study the association of mild, moderate and severe anemia with maternal and foetal outcome on the poor pregnant women of Ajmer city of India who are most vulnerable group when concerned with food. It was a cross sectional, descriptive and a questionnaire based study on the target group coming to Janana Hospital for their delivery. Around 300 patients were studied. They were bifurcated as anemic and non anemic. The maternal outcomes post-partum haemorrhage (PPH), preeclampsia and blood transfusion. Foetal outcome was assessed on the basis of their neonatal weight at birth and Apgar score at first and fifth minute. Post delivery, it was found that there was a significant association between anemia during pregnancy and PPH; however severe anemia could be associated with blood transfusion and preeclampsia. Foetal outcomes in terms of birth weight and Apgar score were also significantly correlated with an increase in the intensity of anemia. The study suggests a strong adverse association between maternal anemia on maternal and foetal outcome among the target group.