Probiotics for Better Tomorrow: A Review

Abstract

Whether knowingly or unknowingly, humans have been consuming probiotic microorganisms through traditionally fermented foods for generations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of probiotic research, covering a wide range of topics, aimed to explore the impact of probiotics on therapeutic applications, including intestinal barrier, related immune function, inflammation, microbiota composition and its future directions. Advancements in multi-omics approaches and in nanotechnology, especially microencapsulation and electrospinning, will provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind probiotic functionality, allowing for personalized and targeted probiotic therapies. This review aims to update the present knowledge, advanced research area and new technology used in to determine the potential role of probiotics for better tomorrow.