PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF SIDA CORDIFOLIA LEAVES AGAINST CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY

Abstract

This study investigated the phytochemical composition and nephroprotective effects of ethanolic extracts of Sida cordifolia leaves against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, diterpenes, phenols, proteins, saponins, and tannins, particularly in ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The nephroprotective potential was evaluated by measuring serum creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), oxidative stress markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cisplatin significantly elevated serum creatinine, urea, BUN, and lipid peroxidation while reducing antioxidant enzymes and increasing inflammation. Treatment with Sida cordifolia extract at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly ameliorated these changes in a dose-dependent manner, with the 200 mg/kg dose showing effects comparable to the standard drug, Gentamicin. The extract also restored antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. These findings suggest that Sida cordifolia extract has significant nephroprotective potential and could serve as a natural alternative in the prevention of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.