INVESTIGATION OF THE NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF SIDA ACUTA ETHANOLIC EXTRACT IN RATS

Abstract

The phytochemical profile and nephroprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of Sida acuta were evaluated in this study. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, diterpenes, phenols, proteins, saponins, carbohydrates, tannins, and sterols in varying degrees across different extracts. The ethanolic extract exhibited the broadest spectrum of bioactive compounds. To assess nephroprotective potential, the ethanolic extract was tested in a cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity model in Wistar rats. The extract significantly improved biochemical markers of kidney function, including serum creatinine, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and oxidative stress indicators such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Additionally, it reduced lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). These findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of Sida acuta possesses considerable nephroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its potential therapeutic application in preventing and mitigating renal damage.