Eco-Friendly Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Plant Extracts as Biopesticides: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Silver Nanoparticles are one of the most significant abundantly studied two-dimensional material due to their advanced stability and minor chemical susceptibility compared to variant metals. These nanoparticles are customarily constructed utilizing toxic substances reducing agents, which transmute alloy ions into neutral nanoscales. The overutilization of eco-conscious synthesis methodologies for the manufacture of silver nanomaterials utilizing plant extracts has accumulated valuable attention due to their eco-friendly nature and potential petition in agriculture. This review delivers an overview of progressive literature regarding the sustainable synthesis of AgNPs using a variety of plant concentrate and their potency as natural pesticides. The synthesis methods, rendering techniques, and mechanisms convoluted in the formation of AgNPs are discussed. Moreover, the pesticidal enterprises of these nanoparticles in opposition to a wide range of agricultural pests, including insects, fungi and bacteria, are highlighted. The feasible mechanisms fundamental to the pesticidal actions of AgNPs, involving disruption of cell membranes, interference with metabolic processes, and installation of oxidative stress, are also explored. Additionally, the challenges and prospects of exploiting plant-mediated AgNPs as natural pesticides for renewable crop protection are addressed. While highlighting the current use of various plants for the combination of thoroughly proficient antibacterial green AgNPs, we aim to distribute a methodical, in-profundity analysis of the probable authority of the photocatalytic and their compactness in the plant extracts, dissolving agent, and extraction temperature, as well as reaction temperature, pH, reaction time, and compactness of precursor on the size, shape and solidity of the manufacture silver nanoparticles. This review’s purpose is to offer a deeper realization of developing eco-friendly and well-organized alternatives to synthetic pesticides by leveraging the inherent properties of plant extracts and silver nanoparticles.