Innovative Extraction Methods and Solvent Optimization for Paederia Foetida In Vitro Analysis of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties

Abstract

The goal of the current study is to determine the best extraction method and solvent for the extraction of Paederia foetida, a traditional medicinal herb. Additionally, the study looked into the medicinal plant extract's overall capacity to prevent the lipid peroxidation process as well as its neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, the study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential of Paederia foetida extracts obtained using various extraction techniques. The extraction methods included Soxhlet extraction, cold maceration, and microwave-assisted extraction using solvents such as methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and water. The extracts underwent preliminary phytochemical screening, revealing the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phenols, phytosterols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and proteins. The lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPO) assay was conducted using egg yolk, rat liver, and rat brain homogenates to assess antioxidant activity. The Paederia foetida methanol extract (PFWP-ME) exhibited significant LPO inhibition in all models, with 82.79% in egg yolk, 78.97% in rat liver, and 79.81% in rat brain homogenates. Additionally, the neuroprotective activity of PFWP-ME was evaluated by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in SK-N-SH cells exposed to oxidative stress. The extract showed a dose-dependent reduction in ROS levels, indicating strong antioxidant properties. These findings suggest that Paederia foetida is a valuable source of natural antioxidants with potential therapeutic applications.