Antidiabetic Efficacy of Citrullus colocynthis and Citrullus lanatus: A Review

Abstract

The present review is focused on the anti-diabetic potential of Citrullus colocynthis and Citrullus lanatus, commonly referred to as bitter apple and watermelon, respectively. The plants have a history of being employed for therapeutic uses and recent investigation has revealed their potential as antidiabetic agents owing to the presence of bioactive compounds, including cucurbitacins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The present study examines the therapeutic potential of the plants, highlighting their antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic properties. Additionally, the mechanisms responsible for the antidiabetic effects of these substances, and their effectiveness in the treatment of diabetes in animal and human subject. In addition to safety and toxicity, potential adverse effects were also discussed. In conclusion, these plants possess considerable potential as alternative therapies for diabetes. However, additional investigation is required to extensively comprehend their therapeutic efficacy and establish appropriate and safe dosages for clinical application.