Tracing The Evolution Of Najafgarh Wetland: Spatial Insights And Governance Dynamics

Abstract

Riverine wetlands represent vital ecosystems within river floodplains, offering multifaceted functions ranging from flood control to biodiversity conservation. The Najafgarh Wetland, an emerging ecosystem located along the borders of Delhi and Haryana’s Gurugram, is nourished by the River Sahibi and serves as a crucial floodplain wetland. This study investigates the wetland’s evolution, governance, and ecological dynamics, examining the role of multiple administrative entities in its management. Using satellite imagery from Landsat 5 TM (2001) and Landsat 9 OLI (2023), the research conducts spatial analysis to assess changes in land use and the wetland’s functional development, with a focus on nine surrounding villages. The change analysis, showing shifts across seven land use classes, indicates that the wetland has fully developed by 2023. However, challenges such as undefined boundaries, insufficient security measures, and governance gaps persist. Field observations reveal concerns among local farmers about submerged agricultural lands and water pollution, with compensation issues remaining unresolved. While government stakeholders acknowledge legal disputes over wetland status, no substantial action has been taken despite directives from the National Green Tribunal (NGT). Bird watchers report declining avian populations, further corroborating concerns over water quality and diminishing migratory bird presence. The findings highlight the complex relationship between environmental conservation, administrative governance, and stakeholder involvement in the wetland's preservation. The study emphasizes the need for an integrated and collaborative approach, advocating for the establishment of a strategic framework that includes sustainable land use planning, enhanced legal protections, and robust monitoring mechanisms to ensure the long-term sustainability and biodiversity of the Najafgarh Wetland.