Medical Device related Pressure Injury and its associated factors among patients admitted in Intensive Care Units a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Abstract

Introduction: Pressure injuries related to medical devices (MDRPI) in hospitals are well-documented for their risks of infection, discomfort, and healthcare costs. Medical devices can increase the risk of pressure ulcers by exerting pressure, generating heat and moisture, and making it difficult to inspect the skin underneath. To mitigate this, regular skin checks, proper device fitting, and moisture management are essential to prevent skin breakdown and improve patient outcomes. They significantly impact patient well-being and can delay hospital discharge, reflecting nursing care standards. ICU patients, due to immobility and medical equipment exposure, face heightened risks. This study aims to assess MDRPI incidence, identify contributing risk factors, and correlate these injuries with pressure ulcer development to enhance critical care outcomes and patient safety. Materials and methods: Quantitative research design was used. Descriptive approach with 162 patients, selected via Cochrane's formula. Inclusion criteria involve adults in ICU for over 24 hours with external medical devices, excluding pediatrics and those with internal devices. Data collected through direct observation will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study identified an 82.7% incidence of medical device-related pressure injuries, with arms/hands being the most common site (67.93%). Overall, pressure injuries occurred in 58% of cases, mainly affecting the buttocks (64.2%). Significant associations (p < 0.05) were found between these injuries and risk factors including Glasgow Coma Scale, Braden QD score, and skin assessment parameters. Conclusion: : The study found an 82.7% incidence of MDRPI in ICU settings, mainly affecting the arms, hands, neck, fingers, nasal septum, and chest. Risk factors included low GCS, high Braden QD risk, underweight BMI, and immobility. Stage 1 injuries started on arms/hands, moving to the chest; Stage 2 began on the lips, shifting to cheeks; Stage 3 started on the foot, moving to the nasal septum. This review underscores the importance of careful evaluation, treatment, and reporting of MDRPI. Vigilant assessment and management of medical devices are critical for enhancing patient safety and healthcare quality in intensive care unit.