Acute Toxicity Study and Serum Biochemical Investigation of Leaf Extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum on Alloxan-induced Rats

Abstract

This study investigates the acute toxicity and biochemical effects of the methanol leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum in Wistar albino rats. The extract was obtained using Soxhlet extraction and evaluated for toxicity via intraperitoneal and oral routes. The LD50 was determined to be 2,154 mg/kg for intraperitoneal administration, indicating moderate toxicity, while the oral LD50 was above 5,000 mg/kg, which is regarded as safe. Biochemical analyses revealed significant alterations in serum antioxidant enzyme levels, with increased glutathione (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating oxidative stress. Treatment with the extract significantly reduced serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and improved kidney function markers (urea, creatinine), suggesting hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects. Additionally, the extract demonstrated potential antihyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties, as evidenced by the normalization of serum electrolytes. These findings support the traditional use of Chrysophyllum albidum as a therapeutic agent with low acute toxicity and beneficial effects on metabolic disorders.