The Forgotten Fruits: A Review of Underutilized Fruit Crops and Their Potential

Abstract

India is known for its huge diversity of fruits. Global diversity in fruits and vegetable crops is estimated to be 3400 species. The Hindustan center has 344 species of fruits. There are 17 mega-biodiversity hotspots in the world, and India is one of them. Apart from a few cultivated fruits, most of these species are rarely cultivated and primarily grow in the wild. Fruit crops that can withstand biotic and abiotic stress conditions are well-suited for cultivation in drought-prone areas. The diverse climatic conditions of the country create a favorable environment for cultivating a wide range of fruits. However, these species possess untapped potential to contribute to food security, nutrition, health, income generation, and environmental sustainability. Most underutilized indigenous fruit crops are regarded as protective foods across India due to their rich medicinal properties, abundance of phytochemicals, and essential minerals. A strategic and targeted approach is essential to promote the value-added products of these fruits in both national and international market Consequently, a strong emphasis on the rigorous study of these crops’ conservation and nutritional characterization is vital for expanding the future food basket and boosting its functional and nutritional benefits. Indian government policies and international organizations are actively promoting these crops by raising awareness about the importance of underutilized fruit species which will lead to increase in Indian economy, food security, nutrition, health and income generation. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is recommended, incorporating both ex-situ and in-situ conservation methods.